Ultra-Low-Frequency Wave and Particle Dynamics in Magnetospheric Plasmas

<p>This program will examine the interactions of ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves with ions and electrons in the magnetosphere. This approach will be to use a hybrid simulation code to determine realistic equilibrium conditions. This would be followed by a study of the mechanisms which would generate ULF waves. The nonlinear coupling of different wave modes would be analyzed with respect to critical instability processes such as ballooning modes and the generation of turbulence. Finally, a new study will be initiated on the role of ion temperature gradients in transporting energy and momentum in magnetospheric plasmas. </p>